Abstract: This study presents an innovative approach for optimizing real-time energy market trading strategies by integrating Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) with Quantum Annealing (QA). The ...

Abstract: In this paper, we review existing methods and algorithms for the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the context of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Through a systematic ...

CGVQM is a full-reference video quality metric that predicts perceptual differences between pairs of videos. Like PSNR and SSIM, it compares a ground-truth reference to a distorted version (e.g.

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. All of modern mathematics is built on the foundation of set theory, the study of how to organize abstract collections of objects. But in ...