Markovian queueing systems represent a cornerstone in the study of stochastic processes, offering a robust framework for modelling the random nature of service and arrival processes across diverse ...

Performance analysis of queueing networks is one of the most challenging areas of queueing theory. Barring very specialized models such as product-form type queueing networks, there exist very few ...

Retrial queueing systems represent a class of models in which arriving customers, upon encountering a busy or unavailable server, enter a virtual waiting room—commonly referred to as an orbit—to ...