In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

Calvin Hennick is a freelance journalist who specializes in business and technology writing. He is a contributor to the CDW family of technology magazines. NASA has more programs today than at any ...

A team led by Academician GUO Guangcan from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), with collaborative efforts from the University of ...

This research introduces a novel approach to uncovering structural variables in complex systems, reshaping how we model the unpredictable behaviour of the real world Connected puzzle pieces (Courtesy: ...

Stars are the fundamental building blocks of our universe. Most stars host planets, like our sun hosts our solar system, and if you look more broadly, groups of stars make up huge structures such as ...

Kinetic theory and mathematical modelling have emerged as pivotal tools in analysing complex systems – ranging from biological entities and social interactions to financial markets. These methods ...