FPGAs provide increased precision and performance to mitigate disturbances found in typical laser test beds. Taking high-precision measurements, such as those for molecular and atomic applications, ...

In Part 1, we reviewed the low frequency behavior of the HCNR200 circuit, and obtained the stability conditions by analyzing its open-loop transfer function. In this session, we still study the system ...

Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

Geothermal energy now stands out as a reliable, low-carbon solution in the transition to a balanced energy mix. While conventional geothermal systems rely on specific geological conditions, such as ...

Today on Hackaday Dictionary, we’re going to talk about the two basic types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop. We’ll describe the differences between them and explore the various ...